Abstract: The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is a complex logistical challenge that requires optimizing both route planning and charging decisions. Although ant colony optimization (ACO) has ...

This repository implements several swarm optimization algorithms and visualizes them. Implemented algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Cuckoo Search (CS), Ant Colony ...

Ant colonies run like living bodies. Queens produce offspring. Workers clean, feed, and defend. And brood develop quietly in the nursery. When disease slips in, the whole “superorganism” is at risk.

Abstract: HCMOP are widespread in practical engineering such as vehicle routing problem and shop scheduling problem etc. The problems introduced above refer to optimization problems with complex ...

"By warning the colony of their deadly infection, terminally ill ants help the colony remain healthy and produce daughter colonies, which indirectly pass on the signaler’s genes to the next generation ...